因?yàn)檫@次準(zhǔn)備三月考試時(shí)我還在德勤實(shí)習(xí),正好是審計(jì)的忙季,所以時(shí)間比較緊張。整個(gè)備考的時(shí)間是四周,工作日每天半小時(shí)至一個(gè)半小時(shí),休息日每天6小時(shí)。用到最主要的材料是2013年后的所有真題。
通過看近幾年的真題,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)P7出題的套路幾乎不變。Q1 35分,考查的是在計(jì)劃階段,分析business risk,audit risk以及對(duì)應(yīng)的audit procedures/audit evidence/additional information,也會(huì)在這里考ethics相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,Q1還有4分的格式分,開頭都是一樣的套路,看兩份真題就知道了,這樣就有一分,另外小標(biāo)題和分點(diǎn)寫清楚,就能拿到這4分的格式分,不要忽略這4分,也許你離pass就差這幾分;Q2 25分、Q3 20分,這兩道題一般是考其他鑒證業(yè)務(wù)和復(fù)核工作底稿;Q4 20分,出題的種類就多了,比如quality control、ethics、current issues;Q5 20分,考report。
根據(jù)以上,我先整理了自己需要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容:
audit risk——IAS&IFRS準(zhǔn)則
ethics——所有ethics出問題的情況以及對(duì)應(yīng)的safeguards
其他鑒證業(yè)務(wù)——PFI、FA、AUP、CSR review、DD
audit evidence——整理普適的答案
audit report——結(jié)合考官文章The new auditor’s report和Going concern整理4種情況下不同的report內(nèi)容
current issues——看兩篇時(shí)間較近的考官文章(Auditing disclosures in financial statements和Corporate governance and its impact on audit practice)
others——幾個(gè)重要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)(ISA250、ISA240、component auditors)
下面詳細(xì)說說我分別準(zhǔn)備了哪些內(nèi)容。
首先是audit risk這類問題,需要掌握IAS&IFRS準(zhǔn)則,回答這類題目,我首先會(huì)計(jì)算materiality,再寫case中的情況,聯(lián)系準(zhǔn)則中正確的處理方式,最后寫如果不按準(zhǔn)則的處理方式來會(huì)帶來怎樣的影響。Audit risk除了準(zhǔn)則的處理有問題,還包括new client帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),剛變成listed company帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等等。
下面是真題中涉及到的準(zhǔn)則號(hào):
IAS 1 Presentation of F/S
IAS 2 Inventory
IAS 7 Statement of cash flow
IAS 8 Accounting policies,changes in accounting estimates and errors
IAS 10 Events after reporting date
IAS 16 PPE
IAS 17 Leases
IAS 20 Accounting for governance grants and disclosure of governance assistances
IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates
IAS 24 Related party disclosures
IAS 28 Investments in associates and joint ventures
IAS 32 Financial Instruments:Presentation
IAS 33 Earning per share
IAS 36 Impairment of assets
IAS 37 Provisions,contingent liabilities and contingent assets
IAS 38 Intangible assets
IAS 40 Investment property
IFRS 2 share-based payment
IFRS 3 Business combination
IFRS 5 NCA held for sale and discontinued operations
IFRS 7 Financial Instruments:disclosures
IFRS 8 Operating segments
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements
IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers
道德問題算是比較簡(jiǎn)單的,因?yàn)樵贔8、P1里都已經(jīng)學(xué)過了,這里相當(dāng)于是復(fù)習(xí)。根據(jù)歷年真題,我整理了下面一些ethic出問題的情況:
特殊行業(yè)帶來component不足
前任審計(jì)辭職
Risk&Fee
審計(jì)師提business advice
attend meeting with company’s bank
威脅不給去年的審計(jì)費(fèi)
provide non-assurance service
去年working paper中有錯(cuò)誤聯(lián)想到審計(jì)的quality control
investor和investee都是firm的客戶帶來的conflict of interest
business opportunity
guarantee the bank loan
same senior personnel
client之前的員工在firm里
client之前的員工現(xiàn)在在firm里并且持有原公司的股票
cross-selling non-audit service
temporary staff assignment
provide recruitment service
這里只是把道德出現(xiàn)問題的情況拎出來了,我自己整理的時(shí)候,每種情況對(duì)應(yīng)帶來的哪種道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及safeguards都會(huì)寫出來。
其他鑒證業(yè)務(wù),我主要掌握了AUP的定義、DD的benefits、在接受PFI業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)需要的考慮的matters、怎樣planning a forensic investigation、difficulties in measuring and reporting on CSR等。
下面是我根據(jù)真題答案整理的幾個(gè)幾乎可以用到所有答案中的audit evidence/audit procedures/additional information:
Review the notes to F/S to confirm that sufficient disclosure has been made in accordance with applicable financial framework
Review the board minutes to confirm the transaction has been appropriately authorised
A copy of any contracts or other documentation pertaining to…review of its terms and conditions
Agree proceeds received to legal documentation and to cash book/bank statement
獲得written representatives,尤其是涉及到主觀判斷的信息
Post-year review/check
Minutes of a discussion with management regarding……including……
A schedule showing adjustment regarding
Recalculation
Audit report就如同我開始所說那么去整理,首先是一份完整的audit report的順序、KAM的定義、KAM的決定因素、用到material uncertainty related to going concern paragraph的情況以及用到emphasis of matter、other matter和except for的情況以及內(nèi)容,最后還有怎么處理那些uncorrected misstatements,我自己整理的是這樣:
我備考P7的過程完全是結(jié)果導(dǎo)向型的,看考試考什么,我再有的放矢學(xué)什么。但是自己梳理知識(shí)點(diǎn)的這個(gè)過程對(duì)于每個(gè)ACCAer來說都是比較重要的,希望大家都能順利通過P7!
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